Trimming Rehabilitation Portfolio
This page highlights the work I have done over the years. I prioritize listening carefully and educating my clients so we can work together as a team to support their goals for their horse. I consider the whole horse, including teeth, diet, environment, tack, exercise, posture, movement, and overall biomechanics. Each horse’s feet tell a story, and the work we do together is a journey that unfolds over time with patience, observation, and thoughtful adjustments. Please join me on the Next Step Trimming Facebook Page to see more photos, stories, and educational articles on barefoot hoof care and rehabilitation trimming.
PSSM & Insulin Resistance Horse
This is a horse I began trimming approximately six years ago. I worked with the owner for about a year before she relocated. When she returned to the area two years later—though to a different town—she reached out to resume my services because she valued my trim, and collaborative, whole-horse approach. From the beginning, she was receptive to me working as part of a team with her preferred equine professionals, including her veterinarian.
Together, we developed a comprehensive plan to improve the horse’s hoof health by addressing diet, environment, and movement. She agreed to have her hay tested, and I helped her read the report and offered suggestions to balancing the diet. She also adjusted how the horse was managed on pasture, and transitioned the horse to a dry lot to better control sugar intake. We also created an appropriate exercise program, which she reviewed and approved with her veterinarian. When I observed some unusual muscle-related behaviors while trimming, I recommended veterinary testing for PSSM (Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy), a metabolic muscle condition that affects how horses process and store sugars. The diagnosis was confirmed, and with that information, she worked with her veterinarian to further refine the horse’s diet to support the condition.
Throughout this process, we maintained a consistent four-week trim cycle. The owner, who is trained in bodywork, supported the horse’s musculoskeletal balance and comfort between visits and occasionally performed maintenance rasping to preserve hoof shape. With consistent management, nutritional adjustments, controlled exercise, and regular trimming, we were able to achieve measurably healthier hooves and a more comfortable, stable horse over time.
Together, we developed a comprehensive plan to improve the horse’s hoof health by addressing diet, environment, and movement. She agreed to have her hay tested, and I helped her read the report and offered suggestions to balancing the diet. She also adjusted how the horse was managed on pasture, and transitioned the horse to a dry lot to better control sugar intake. We also created an appropriate exercise program, which she reviewed and approved with her veterinarian. When I observed some unusual muscle-related behaviors while trimming, I recommended veterinary testing for PSSM (Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy), a metabolic muscle condition that affects how horses process and store sugars. The diagnosis was confirmed, and with that information, she worked with her veterinarian to further refine the horse’s diet to support the condition.
Throughout this process, we maintained a consistent four-week trim cycle. The owner, who is trained in bodywork, supported the horse’s musculoskeletal balance and comfort between visits and occasionally performed maintenance rasping to preserve hoof shape. With consistent management, nutritional adjustments, controlled exercise, and regular trimming, we were able to achieve measurably healthier hooves and a more comfortable, stable horse over time.
This hind foot is a strong example of that progress. The hoof–pastern alignment is appropriate, meaning the front of the hoof wall (the dorsal wall) forms a straight, continuous line with the pastern above it. This alignment indicates that the bones inside the hoof are positioned in a balanced way and that the foot is supporting the limb correctly. The heel height is proportional to the length of the toe, which creates a functional caudal base. The caudal base refers to the back third of the hoof—the heels, digital cushion, and supporting structures—which are responsible for shock absorption and weight distribution. In this foot, the heels are not collapsed or underrun, and they provide solid support.The toe is trimmed to an appropriate length, which allows for proper breakover. Breakover is the moment the heel lifts and the hoof rolls forward off the toe during movement. When the toe is too long, it increases leverage on the deep digital flexor tendon and can strain internal structures. In this case, the breakover point is positioned to allow efficient limb departure and smooth liftoff, reducing unnecessary stress.
Finally, the medial–lateral balance—the left and right sides of the hoof—is even. This allows the horse to load the limb symmetrically, distributing weight through the entire hoof capsule (the outer hoof wall and supporting structures) rather than overloading one quarter or one heel. When weight is distributed evenly, the foot grows more uniformly, stays more stable between trims, and supports healthier movement overall.
This case reflects the impact of consistent trimming (with a short trim cycle) collaborative care, informed dietary management, and thoughtful exercise. It demonstrates how long-term, data-informed hoof care can improve comfort and structural integrity, even in a horse managing a muscular/metabolic condition.
Finally, the medial–lateral balance—the left and right sides of the hoof—is even. This allows the horse to load the limb symmetrically, distributing weight through the entire hoof capsule (the outer hoof wall and supporting structures) rather than overloading one quarter or one heel. When weight is distributed evenly, the foot grows more uniformly, stays more stable between trims, and supports healthier movement overall.
This case reflects the impact of consistent trimming (with a short trim cycle) collaborative care, informed dietary management, and thoughtful exercise. It demonstrates how long-term, data-informed hoof care can improve comfort and structural integrity, even in a horse managing a muscular/metabolic condition.
2024 Hoof Rehabilitation
A returning client recently invited me to trim her newly purchased 23-year-old Quarter Horse. He presented with arthritis and noticeable stiffness in his hind end, which was affecting his movement. During my assessment, it was clear that his hooves had been left untrimmed for an extended period and were significantly overgrown.
I completed an initial trim focused on restoring balance and function while prioritizing his comfort. Below are the before-and-after photos from this first session. I will continue to monitor his progress and provide follow-up trims to support his mobility and overall hoof health.
Updates on his condition will follow after the next trim in two weeks as we work together to improve his soundness and quality of life.
1/19/26 — Follow-Up Update
The client agreed the horse may be metabolic and proceeded with testing. He is now on medication, and dietary changes are already making a significant positive impact. The horse is not being ridden at this time. I will update hoof photos and posture during my next visit to the barn next month.
I completed an initial trim focused on restoring balance and function while prioritizing his comfort. Below are the before-and-after photos from this first session. I will continue to monitor his progress and provide follow-up trims to support his mobility and overall hoof health.
Updates on his condition will follow after the next trim in two weeks as we work together to improve his soundness and quality of life.
1/19/26 — Follow-Up Update
The client agreed the horse may be metabolic and proceeded with testing. He is now on medication, and dietary changes are already making a significant positive impact. The horse is not being ridden at this time. I will update hoof photos and posture during my next visit to the barn next month.
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Before the trim, this horse was standing in a way that suggested discomfort and imbalance. The front feet were not well aligned under the body, which can make it harder for the horse to support itself comfortably through the shoulders and chest. In the hind end, the legs were positioned slightly behind the body, a common sign that the horse is avoiding loading the back end fully.
Overall, the posture looked guarded, with tension through the topline and neck, indicating the horse was compensating rather than standing at ease. After the trim, the horse’s posture shows a noticeable improvement in balance and relaxation. The front legs are more evenly stacked under the shoulders, allowing the horse to distribute weight more comfortably through the feet. The hind legs are placed more underneath the body, suggesting better support and engagement from behind. The topline appears softer, and the head and neck are carried lower and more naturally, which often indicates increased comfort and a calmer, more relaxed state. In simple terms, the trim helped the horse move from a protective, tense stance to one where it can stand more evenly and comfortably. |
This kind of balance supports easier movement, reduces strain on joints and soft tissues, and helps the horse feel more secure and relaxed in its body.
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11/24/24 — Initial Assessment and Trim (Photos Below)
Overall Angle & Alignment DiscussionPhoto A – Solar View (Front Right Foot)
From the solar view, the hoof capsule shows asymmetry and distortion, with imbalance between the medial and lateral structures. The frog is narrow and recessed, and the collateral grooves appear deep, indicating a lack of ground engagement and compromised solar support. These features suggest prolonged imbalance and reduced load-sharing across the back of the foot.
Photo B – Hoof Mapping & Solar Angles
The hoof mapping overlay highlights distortions in the hoof capsule relative to internal structures. The toe is stretched forward, and the heel base sits behind the center of rotation (COR), creating a broken-back hoof–pastern axis from the solar perspective. The drawn angles show how leverage at the toe and underrun heels shift forces away from the caudal hoof, increasing strain on the laminae and internal structures.
Photo C – Lateral View (Before Trim)
The lateral angle shows a forward-running toe with a negative influence on breakover. The dorsal hoof wall angle does not align well with the pastern, suggesting a broken-back hoof–pastern axis. The heel angle appears low relative to the toe, which can increase stress on the deep digital flexor tendon and contribute to discomfort, especially in a horse with arthritis or laminitic concerns.
Photo D – Lateral View (Post-Trim)
Post-trim, the angles show improved alignment of the bony column. The toe has been brought back, improving breakover, and the heel base appears better positioned under the limb. The hoof–pastern axis is closer to straight, indicating improved biomechanical efficiency. This change supports more even loading through the limb and reduces excessive leverage on compromised structures.
Why These Angles MatterCorrecting these angles is not about creating a “perfect-looking” hoof, but about restoring functional alignment so forces travel more cleanly up the limb. Improving toe length, heel position, and overall balance helps support comfort, encourages better movement, and allows internal structures the opportunity to adapt and strengthen over time.
Overall Angle & Alignment DiscussionPhoto A – Solar View (Front Right Foot)
From the solar view, the hoof capsule shows asymmetry and distortion, with imbalance between the medial and lateral structures. The frog is narrow and recessed, and the collateral grooves appear deep, indicating a lack of ground engagement and compromised solar support. These features suggest prolonged imbalance and reduced load-sharing across the back of the foot.
Photo B – Hoof Mapping & Solar Angles
The hoof mapping overlay highlights distortions in the hoof capsule relative to internal structures. The toe is stretched forward, and the heel base sits behind the center of rotation (COR), creating a broken-back hoof–pastern axis from the solar perspective. The drawn angles show how leverage at the toe and underrun heels shift forces away from the caudal hoof, increasing strain on the laminae and internal structures.
Photo C – Lateral View (Before Trim)
The lateral angle shows a forward-running toe with a negative influence on breakover. The dorsal hoof wall angle does not align well with the pastern, suggesting a broken-back hoof–pastern axis. The heel angle appears low relative to the toe, which can increase stress on the deep digital flexor tendon and contribute to discomfort, especially in a horse with arthritis or laminitic concerns.
Photo D – Lateral View (Post-Trim)
Post-trim, the angles show improved alignment of the bony column. The toe has been brought back, improving breakover, and the heel base appears better positioned under the limb. The hoof–pastern axis is closer to straight, indicating improved biomechanical efficiency. This change supports more even loading through the limb and reduces excessive leverage on compromised structures.
Why These Angles MatterCorrecting these angles is not about creating a “perfect-looking” hoof, but about restoring functional alignment so forces travel more cleanly up the limb. Improving toe length, heel position, and overall balance helps support comfort, encourages better movement, and allows internal structures the opportunity to adapt and strengthen over time.
2021 Founder Case Barefoot and Sound
A client reached out to me for help with her mare, Sugar, after veterinary X-rays showed a history of laminitis and founder. After reviewing the images and talking through Sugar’s history and daily management during a phone consultation, we scheduled an in-person visit to create a plan moving forward.
At the first appointment, I took time to assess Sugar’s comfort, movement, posture, and hooves as a whole. I explained the rehabilitation plan to the owner, removed Sugar’s shoes, and completed a careful trim focused on improving comfort and balance. To support Sugar during this transition, she was fitted with EasyCare boots for protection and added support.
Just one week later, the owner shared exciting news—Sugar was moving so comfortably that she was galloping around her pasture and even managed to kick off her boots. With a few quick repairs and adjustments, we continued supporting her progress.
Over several five-week trim cycles, Sugar’s hooves steadily changed as we made small, thoughtful adjustments at each visit. With consistent hoof care and the owner’s commitment to dietary changes, Sugar became sound and eventually no longer needed boots.
The most rewarding part of this journey is that Sugar is now being ridden again—something her owner once thought might never be possible. Stories like Sugar’s show what can happen when hoof care is individualized, patient, and supported by teamwork between the owner, veterinarian, and trimmer.
At the first appointment, I took time to assess Sugar’s comfort, movement, posture, and hooves as a whole. I explained the rehabilitation plan to the owner, removed Sugar’s shoes, and completed a careful trim focused on improving comfort and balance. To support Sugar during this transition, she was fitted with EasyCare boots for protection and added support.
Just one week later, the owner shared exciting news—Sugar was moving so comfortably that she was galloping around her pasture and even managed to kick off her boots. With a few quick repairs and adjustments, we continued supporting her progress.
Over several five-week trim cycles, Sugar’s hooves steadily changed as we made small, thoughtful adjustments at each visit. With consistent hoof care and the owner’s commitment to dietary changes, Sugar became sound and eventually no longer needed boots.
The most rewarding part of this journey is that Sugar is now being ridden again—something her owner once thought might never be possible. Stories like Sugar’s show what can happen when hoof care is individualized, patient, and supported by teamwork between the owner, veterinarian, and trimmer.
Before I took shoes off.
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Post trim 10/21. I did continue to trim the foot after taking the picture but never took an another one that day.
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This updated photo collage shows this mare looking very sound and comfortable. Ideally, she would be on a four-week trim cycle rather than five, as timing plays an important role in maintaining balance and comfort. Each trim requires careful consideration of how much to remove, taking into account the condition of the frog and sole, as well as the footing and overall environment.
In this set of photos, the heels were intentionally left slightly higher to protect the frog due to the hard, rocky ground in her pasture. The collage includes side-by-side before-and-after images, along with a solar view of the trim, to show the changes clearly. She may appear slightly broken-back in the lateral photo, but this is due to the camera angle rather than her actual alignment. |
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2021 Rehabilitation Barefoot Hero
Meet Dell, a shy yet sweet Thoroughbred who required extensive rehabilitation when I first met him in August 2021. At that time, Dell was dealing with significant hoof issues and was visibly lame. Fortunately, this is a story with a happy ending. One year later, Dell is sound, still barefoot, and happily jumping with his owner, Taylor.
To restore Dell’s soundness, we implemented a comprehensive rehabilitation plan that included hoof boots, short-interval trimming, dietary adjustments, targeted exercises, thrush treatment, and—most importantly—time. Throughout the process, Dell’s owner, Taylor, barn manager Katie, and I worked closely together as a team.
During my initial assessment, I fitted Dell with boots to provide immediate comfort. We also evaluated his diet, hoof care routine, exercise program, and turnout environment, with the shared goal of improving soundness, hoof shape, and overall posture. Shortly after beginning the plan, Dell was feeling so much better that he started running around—and even managed to bust out of his Easyboots. In response, I adjusted his trim, transitioned him into Scootboots, and carefully tracked his progress through photos and detailed notes.
Thanks to the dedication and teamwork of Taylor, Katie, and myself, Dell is now sound, barefoot, and happily back to work.
To restore Dell’s soundness, we implemented a comprehensive rehabilitation plan that included hoof boots, short-interval trimming, dietary adjustments, targeted exercises, thrush treatment, and—most importantly—time. Throughout the process, Dell’s owner, Taylor, barn manager Katie, and I worked closely together as a team.
During my initial assessment, I fitted Dell with boots to provide immediate comfort. We also evaluated his diet, hoof care routine, exercise program, and turnout environment, with the shared goal of improving soundness, hoof shape, and overall posture. Shortly after beginning the plan, Dell was feeling so much better that he started running around—and even managed to bust out of his Easyboots. In response, I adjusted his trim, transitioned him into Scootboots, and carefully tracked his progress through photos and detailed notes.
Thanks to the dedication and teamwork of Taylor, Katie, and myself, Dell is now sound, barefoot, and happily back to work.
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Here are the photos of his feet the first day I arrived at the farm to help Dell. You can see his heels collapsed; he has a thin sole and a weak, damaged frog. My first goal was to help him get comfortable with boots. Then, develop a plan to help improve the structure of Dell's hoof so that it can function in a way that will allow him to achieve soundness.
** I trimmed Dell from 8/21 to 3/22. Then, he went back to the barn farrier. I also want to add that it takes time to make changes to a horse's hoof. Sometimes it takes a few weeks; for other horses, it may take years. There is so much that goes into improving the foot. Vets, trimming, diet, movement, exercise, saddle fit, bodyworkers, tackling diseases and disorders, and more! Soundness may be achievable when the right team is in place and the horse gets the consistent care it needs. **There are some cases where horses have issues that are not correctable, and soundness may not happen. This has to be determined by your veterinarian.
Over time, the right front foot shows a clear progression from significant dysfunction toward improved balance, structure, and overall hoof health. In the earlier images from August and September 2021, the foot appears compromised, with a weak, narrow frog, deep central sulcus involvement, uneven sole loading, and distortion through the hoof capsule. The solar surface shows asymmetry and areas of overload, suggesting the horse was avoiding certain structures due to discomfort. The hoof wall appears stressed, and the back of the foot lacks adequate support, which is consistent with a horse experiencing pain and altered movement.
As the timeline progresses into late 2021 and 2022, there is visible improvement in the development of the frog and digital cushion, with increased width and ground engagement indicating better caudal hoof function. The sole becomes more uniform and supportive, and the collateral grooves appear shallower, suggesting improved internal stability and healthier horn production. The overall shape of the foot becomes more symmetrical, with reduced distortion and better load sharing across the solar surface. By the most recent images, the foot shows a stronger, more robust frog, healthier sole depth, and a more balanced hoof capsule that reflects consistent trimming, appropriate protection when needed, and improved mechanics over time.
Taken as a whole, this series illustrates how gradual, thoughtful trimming combined with proper management allows the hoof to remodel and strengthen. Rather than forcing rapid change, the trims supported the horse’s comfort first, allowing internal structures to adapt and the external hoof capsule to follow. The progression seen here reflects a rehabilitation process that prioritized function, protection, and patience, resulting in a healthier, more resilient right front foot.
Over time, the right front foot shows a clear progression from significant dysfunction toward improved balance, structure, and overall hoof health. In the earlier images from August and September 2021, the foot appears compromised, with a weak, narrow frog, deep central sulcus involvement, uneven sole loading, and distortion through the hoof capsule. The solar surface shows asymmetry and areas of overload, suggesting the horse was avoiding certain structures due to discomfort. The hoof wall appears stressed, and the back of the foot lacks adequate support, which is consistent with a horse experiencing pain and altered movement.
As the timeline progresses into late 2021 and 2022, there is visible improvement in the development of the frog and digital cushion, with increased width and ground engagement indicating better caudal hoof function. The sole becomes more uniform and supportive, and the collateral grooves appear shallower, suggesting improved internal stability and healthier horn production. The overall shape of the foot becomes more symmetrical, with reduced distortion and better load sharing across the solar surface. By the most recent images, the foot shows a stronger, more robust frog, healthier sole depth, and a more balanced hoof capsule that reflects consistent trimming, appropriate protection when needed, and improved mechanics over time.
Taken as a whole, this series illustrates how gradual, thoughtful trimming combined with proper management allows the hoof to remodel and strengthen. Rather than forcing rapid change, the trims supported the horse’s comfort first, allowing internal structures to adapt and the external hoof capsule to follow. The progression seen here reflects a rehabilitation process that prioritized function, protection, and patience, resulting in a healthier, more resilient right front foot.
Helping a Horse with Huge Hoof Crack
I recently had the opportunity to help a horse who lost a significant portion of his toe. Given the persistently wet conditions and muggy weather we often experience in New York, it’s likely that prolonged moisture caused the hoof capsule to soften excessively. When hooves remain saturated, they do not exfoliate or self-maintain the way they might in drier conditions. Instead, excess growth accumulates, weakening the structure of the hoof. In this case, the softened hoof likely failed during a moment of force—such as stomping at flies or landing on a rock in the pasture—resulting in the chunking of the toe.
In the photo markups, you can see how the toe had grown long and forward (outlined by the red dotted line), increasing leverage on an already compromised hoof wall. As the toe migrated forward, the heels were dragged with it and became underrun (yellow arrow), further destabilizing the foot. The sole and bars were uneven and overgrown, and the bars had folded over into long flaps—often described as “elephant ears”—which can become painful when compressed. This excess growth and flaring pushed the hairline upward (white dotted line), and the lateral cartilages became visibly prominent (blue line), indicating distortion and internal stress within the hoof capsule.
The horse was sore and understandably uncomfortable. Trimming was challenging, as he needed frequent breaks to rest the injured foot. I worked efficiently and conservatively, prioritizing comfort and safety. While addressing the affected hoof, I allowed the other feet to rest on a padded surface to reduce strain and help him tolerate the process.
In the final solar view with markups, you can see the center of rotation and the approximate location of the coffin bone. The dot closest to the toe highlights just how near the damage came to the bone itself—a sobering reminder of how quickly mechanical stress can escalate when hoof balance is compromised. This confirmed the need for a cautious, supportive approach rather than aggressive correction.
During the trim, I corrected the heel position, removed flaring, straightened the bars, cleaned up the hoof wall, and applied a supportive boot wrap to provide immediate comfort and protection. I recommended removing grass and grain from the diet, allowing movement only if comfortable on a dirt lot, and adding a balanced mineral supplement such as California Trace or Vermont Blend. I also advised veterinary involvement, including radiographs and bloodwork, to evaluate for possible insulin resistance or metabolic concerns.
A few hours later, my client reached out to share that the boot was clearly helping and that the horse was already more comfortable. After a few days, once he was feeling better, I returned to finish trimming. At that visit, he tolerated the work much more easily, and I fitted him with a diaper boot for continued protection and support. Allowing time between sessions proved to be the right decision, and I’m glad we waited so his comfort could guide the process.
This case highlights how environmental conditions, hoof mechanics, and metabolic health all intersect—and how thoughtful, patient trimming combined with management changes can make an immediate and meaningful difference for the horse.
In the photo markups, you can see how the toe had grown long and forward (outlined by the red dotted line), increasing leverage on an already compromised hoof wall. As the toe migrated forward, the heels were dragged with it and became underrun (yellow arrow), further destabilizing the foot. The sole and bars were uneven and overgrown, and the bars had folded over into long flaps—often described as “elephant ears”—which can become painful when compressed. This excess growth and flaring pushed the hairline upward (white dotted line), and the lateral cartilages became visibly prominent (blue line), indicating distortion and internal stress within the hoof capsule.
The horse was sore and understandably uncomfortable. Trimming was challenging, as he needed frequent breaks to rest the injured foot. I worked efficiently and conservatively, prioritizing comfort and safety. While addressing the affected hoof, I allowed the other feet to rest on a padded surface to reduce strain and help him tolerate the process.
In the final solar view with markups, you can see the center of rotation and the approximate location of the coffin bone. The dot closest to the toe highlights just how near the damage came to the bone itself—a sobering reminder of how quickly mechanical stress can escalate when hoof balance is compromised. This confirmed the need for a cautious, supportive approach rather than aggressive correction.
During the trim, I corrected the heel position, removed flaring, straightened the bars, cleaned up the hoof wall, and applied a supportive boot wrap to provide immediate comfort and protection. I recommended removing grass and grain from the diet, allowing movement only if comfortable on a dirt lot, and adding a balanced mineral supplement such as California Trace or Vermont Blend. I also advised veterinary involvement, including radiographs and bloodwork, to evaluate for possible insulin resistance or metabolic concerns.
A few hours later, my client reached out to share that the boot was clearly helping and that the horse was already more comfortable. After a few days, once he was feeling better, I returned to finish trimming. At that visit, he tolerated the work much more easily, and I fitted him with a diaper boot for continued protection and support. Allowing time between sessions proved to be the right decision, and I’m glad we waited so his comfort could guide the process.
This case highlights how environmental conditions, hoof mechanics, and metabolic health all intersect—and how thoughtful, patient trimming combined with management changes can make an immediate and meaningful difference for the horse.
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Metabolic Horse RehabThis is a horse that I have been trimming for several years. He has good feet and has been sound. One day the owner told me that her gelding had laminitis. The cause was most likely due to grass consumption. The vet came out and took radiographs. We fitted the horse with boots, tested the hay, and made changes to the diet. The photo I included shows my client's horse running around - feeling better! I included a picture of the radiographs. He was due for a trim but, hence the longer toe, but overall you get an idea of the quality of trim I provide my clients.
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General Photos and Case Studies
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2019 — Before & After Trim Analysis (Negative Palmar / Plantar Angles)
This mare is one I have trimmed regularly over time however, the client chose to go longer between trims. In the before-trim photo, taken in 2019, the foot shows characteristics consistent with a negative palmar/plantar angle. The heels were excessively high and positioned forward, limiting proper caudal hoof engagement and altering how the foot interacted with the ground. This imbalance shifted weight-bearing toward the toe, increasing leverage on the dorsal hoof wall and internal structures while reducing the hoof’s ability to absorb concussion effectively.
Following consistent, thoughtful trimming and management, the after-trim photo shows a marked improvement in balance and function. The heels are better positioned relative to the limb, allowing the back of the foot to participate more fully in weight-bearing. The hoof-pastern alignment appears more functional, and the foot is landing more evenly rather than remaining toe-dominant. Over time, this mare has begun to “hold the trim,” indicating improved movement patterns, stronger internal structures, and a hoof capsule that is growing in better alignment with the bony column.
Rather than forcing rapid change, the focus of this work was on gradual correction—supporting comfort, encouraging correct loading, and allowing the hoof to remodel naturally. The changes seen here reflect not just a single trim, but the result of consistent care, appropriate trim intervals, and the horse’s ability to move more comfortably and confidently. This progression highlights how addressing negative palmar/plantar angles thoughtfully can lead to healthier, more stable hooves over time.
This mare is one I have trimmed regularly over time however, the client chose to go longer between trims. In the before-trim photo, taken in 2019, the foot shows characteristics consistent with a negative palmar/plantar angle. The heels were excessively high and positioned forward, limiting proper caudal hoof engagement and altering how the foot interacted with the ground. This imbalance shifted weight-bearing toward the toe, increasing leverage on the dorsal hoof wall and internal structures while reducing the hoof’s ability to absorb concussion effectively.
Following consistent, thoughtful trimming and management, the after-trim photo shows a marked improvement in balance and function. The heels are better positioned relative to the limb, allowing the back of the foot to participate more fully in weight-bearing. The hoof-pastern alignment appears more functional, and the foot is landing more evenly rather than remaining toe-dominant. Over time, this mare has begun to “hold the trim,” indicating improved movement patterns, stronger internal structures, and a hoof capsule that is growing in better alignment with the bony column.
Rather than forcing rapid change, the focus of this work was on gradual correction—supporting comfort, encouraging correct loading, and allowing the hoof to remodel naturally. The changes seen here reflect not just a single trim, but the result of consistent care, appropriate trim intervals, and the horse’s ability to move more comfortably and confidently. This progression highlights how addressing negative palmar/plantar angles thoughtfully can lead to healthier, more stable hooves over time.
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A pony was a recent purchase for my client. Needed a trim.
Effects of Conformation on Hoof Shape
This horse is very sound. He has a narrow chest and paddles his feet meaning that they wing out. He lands on the medial side and flares on the lateral side. I lowered the heels and brought them back. Then, I tapered the heel and lowered the walls. I rolled the walls all the way around until I got to the heels. I left the heels because I want to maximize the the surface area of the heels. His heels were uneven and you can see that the coffin bone is too based on the sole depth on the left side of the photo, lower right. I balanced the foot and made break over easy to do on the inside. I can't wait to see how this foot changes over time.
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OTTB with Clubfoot
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This is actually a photo I took of a friend's distal limb that was used for educational purposes. I labeled the photo to help you get an idea of the internal structures and some of the terminology that I use to explain things.
First trim on 1/20, heels were under run and toe was curled. The owner is making changes to management and the horse is being exercised, trained and receiving massage therapy which is crucial to making real, lasting change to the club foot.
Second trim, brought heels back and shortened toe.
Third trim, continuing to bring loading to the back of the foot.
New growth is coming in more attached by the coronet band. I used a measuring tool to determine heel height and did not go based on the hairline, because it was pushed up.
Horse is in boots to protect the sensitive sole and is comfortably walking around. Horse is now trimmed every three weeks.
5/21/18 the photos from this latest trim is below! I wanted to add a note that I am going back in a week, to take more heel to set angles and give relief. We should see a change to the hair line and that will tell me a lot about how this mare is loading. Stay tuned! I will update with more photos.
Second trim, brought heels back and shortened toe.
Third trim, continuing to bring loading to the back of the foot.
New growth is coming in more attached by the coronet band. I used a measuring tool to determine heel height and did not go based on the hairline, because it was pushed up.
Horse is in boots to protect the sensitive sole and is comfortably walking around. Horse is now trimmed every three weeks.
5/21/18 the photos from this latest trim is below! I wanted to add a note that I am going back in a week, to take more heel to set angles and give relief. We should see a change to the hair line and that will tell me a lot about how this mare is loading. Stay tuned! I will update with more photos.
5/21/2018 This is an updated trimming pic.
This photo was taken on 5/26/2019 She is still sound and her hoof is 5 in long/5.25 in wide. Her toe crack is gone, the integrity of the hoof is much better, and the collateral grooves are 1/2 inch. Finally (see photo below) the horse has nice concavity. Meaning her coffin bone is right where it needs to be in the hoof capsule!
This was a club foot! Not any more! This is an untrimmed concave round hoof that is growing correctly due to changes in diet, exercise, massage therapy, vet care, and more! It can be done.
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There is a lot of interesting things going on here.
While the hairline is balanced medial/lateral it is high. I am scheduled to return in one week to take heel. I have found with this mare, I have to take heel very slowly or else she gets sore. Also, you can see an oval shaped wound to the left about mid way down. That was an old abscess exit hole and apparently this mare has had the vertical crack for a long time. It is finally moving down and the hoof wall seems to have a better connection in that spot. She wears boots most of the day with gold bond powder and in addition, she has her feet packed with Artimud. This is a great product that you can use to treat thrush and pack into larger cracks to ward off or treat seedy toe or white line. The boots are to provide comfort but, they are making the hoof wall very soft. Look at the pictures to the right! You will see what has occurred to the sole of this mare's hoof over the course of a year. She went from having a flat foot to developing concavity from regular trimming, boots, changes in diet, exercise and addressing other body issues. You would think that I should just start digging all that bumpy sole out but when I did she was sore. This is caused by her wearing her boots and she couldn't slough off the sole. When she started to feel better she could walk on sand and it smoothed it down. Sometimes, a foot is going to look weird or ugly or assymetrical for a while but, you have to accept that. You might reach a point where you can dig all that out. Or you might have to let the horse do it naturally. She did slough that off once her boots were off. Pic to the upper left... 
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So, she is experiencing some white line issues. The owner will be doing a borax tea tree soak pack with Artimud when using boot and give her time out of the boot to help dry feet out.
This horse has other issues going on including possible iron overload. So we are working with a team of equine professionals! Did you ever wonder why a hair line moves? When a foot is not balanced internally, due to conformation, long toe, under run heel, or injury the foot loads incorrectly the force of each step has an effect on the hair line. 
5/21/2018
Flat sole and coffin bone 1/4 inch at the area where the bar terminates (Halfway point of frog).
The photo above was taken in February of 2020. She has hind issues, SI joint issues, and still brings this hoof back when grazing so the heel is high and it was unbalanced and thus pushed up hairlines. She is sound on her feet but moves stiffly.
Ended up using Formahoof. 
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This horse has had a club foot for many many years. Her body has had to compensate for it for a long time. Small adjustments are therefore necessary. She has a ski tip at the end of her coffin bone which means she has had severe separation/laminitis in the past. Because of a previous injury she has a shorted stride on her right front and since she lands toe first, she grows heels like crazy and the back of the foot is not in use. We are asking her to make major changes to the way she uses her foot! The hairline is a useful tool for anyone who owns or works with horses as a way to tell where a problem might be hiding. Check out my article that analyzes the hoof and the hairline. 
This photo was taken on 3/26/2019 almost a year later! Now, she is sound without boots, she has developed concavity and her frog has become more robust and her heels are not as pinched but much farther apart.
Update: 2/14/2020 The horse has lyme disease, Iron overload, IR and issues with SI joint.
Owner will be taking her to Dentist to take care of an abscess that is affecting tooth. Good news! The big toe crack is gone! 
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Warmblood with Clubfoot
This horse is a 16.3 Warmblood, in his teens, ridden a few times, living the dream as top dog, on 30 acres of pasture. He had a club foot on his left front hoof, for many years and last farrier did not want to continue to work on the horse. I trimmed this horse approximately 6 times over a two month period before the owner passed away and the horse was rehomed. I really enjoyed working with this horse and he was a good boy. I am happy that I was able to help him and proud that we made progress on his feet.
Typical club foot. High heel, scoop to the toe. X-rays were done and there was evidence of coffin bone rotation and damage done to the tip of the coffin bone. I also observed this horse while eating and noticed that he spent a lot of time with his head down eating with the left front foot back underneath him so that he could reach down and eat. He was not being exercised in any way so if this grazing posture was not allowing him to wear his heels properly, then they will grow to meet the ground. A vet had already come out and we had both recommended that the owner get body work done on the horse in the form of massage, chiropractic work, stretching and exercises in both left and right directions to help the horse increase striding, and a change in the diet as the horse was overweight.
The first picture, on the left shows just how severe the foot was. I included the second picture to help you see the difference in heel height between the two front feet. Big differences in heel height puts a lot of stress on joints, tendons, ligaments and muscle. That is where body work, weight loss, and corrective exercise --in addition to frequent/corrective trimming will help.
The first picture, on the left shows just how severe the foot was. I included the second picture to help you see the difference in heel height between the two front feet. Big differences in heel height puts a lot of stress on joints, tendons, ligaments and muscle. That is where body work, weight loss, and corrective exercise --in addition to frequent/corrective trimming will help.
These two rows of pictures show two separate trims. The top row was 8/24. I lowered the heel more and brought back the break over to relieve pressure on the hoofwall at the toe. Otherwise the horse would continue to rip the hoof wall off the coffin bone creating painful separation.
The next row shows the third trim. Again, I simultaneously lowered and brought back the heel as much as I felt safe doing because I was positive that the back of his foot was weak and unable to support heel-first impact (for now) and kept working on the toe to keep it short to help future hoof growth come in attached to the coffin bone. I kept calling the owner to ask how the horse was doing. I was at the farm every other week and we became good friends! haha At any rate, I am happy to report that the trim never made this horse sore!
The next row shows the third trim. Again, I simultaneously lowered and brought back the heel as much as I felt safe doing because I was positive that the back of his foot was weak and unable to support heel-first impact (for now) and kept working on the toe to keep it short to help future hoof growth come in attached to the coffin bone. I kept calling the owner to ask how the horse was doing. I was at the farm every other week and we became good friends! haha At any rate, I am happy to report that the trim never made this horse sore!
This horse went 5 months without a trim. Heels were high and toes grew very long. The horse had very thin sole and sensitive back of the foot. I trimmed approx 2-3 inches off the toe and brought back the heels without lowering them too much. That was a good place to start because the tendons need time to adjust. The horse is now getting regular consistent trimming and over time more adjustments will get this horse where he needs to be.
Before trim, you can see long toes. I removed almost 3 inches of excess growth.
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This horse has been landing toe first for a long time. The back of his foot has diminished. You can see that he barely has any frog and his heels are too far forward.
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By removing the long toe, each time the horse takes a step he won't be continually putting stress on the connection of the hoof wall to the coffin bone. Also, by adjusting the heels, the horse can now start to load on the quarters and hopefully start to build the back of his foot.
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Case 3:
This is a rescue pony that was just left out in a field and never trimmed. His bar was severely overgrown and this is very painful. It took a couple of feet before the pony realized that I was trying to help him! The post trim photo surprises me every time I look at it. "Wow, gee there was a foot in there after all!" The pony is much better now and gets regular trimming.
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Case 4:
Some horses need more frequent trimming than others. This horse grew toe more quickly than his pasture mate. He requires a more aggressive trim to keep a handle on his toe length. This seems to work great for him and keeps this gelding sound and happy in his old age.
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Case 5
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This pony was a rescue and had not been trimmed in a while.
She was a very sweet pony and now has a wonderful home with a family that will give her proper care and a job Below left are before and after pictures of the right front foot. You see that she has been landing toe first and her heels have started to get pulled with the toe shifting where she loads. I set heel height to protect the back of her foot and will continue to adjust over time.
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Case 6:
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I wanted to include this horse because you can see how a trim can change the entire posture of a horse. The upper photo shows before trim. The horse was standing so far under himself that his leg positioning was similar to a "V" shape. Then, after the trim, I adjusted the heels and toe, which led to the horse standing in a more correct and balanced way.
The horse is normally trimmed every two weeks because I was trying to make adjustments to the heel. The owner was making other changes to diet, massage and environment that have helped the horse become sound and back to work! **The bump on the pastern is old scar tissue. 
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Case 7:
An otherwise healthy pony that just did not get regular trimming.
Case 8:
This horse had not been trimmed in many months. He lived in a muddy pasture. If you look closely, you can see that there is a lot of excess sole that was building up on the foot. I felt it was safe to take that off because it was a pressure point it was higher than the wall and I thought that there was adequate sole depth. I lowered and brought back the heels, trimmed his frog and shortened his toe.
It will take time and regular trimming to continue to adjust this foot to get it where it needs to be.
This horse also taught me that sometimes due to wearing shoes and receiving incorrect trimming during formative years can affect the hoof to the point that it will have lasting effects on the shape and alignment of the joints. We have discovered that this horse is not sound with a short toe (even with a boot) and this may be caused by the YEARS of remodeling of the joints and now they may not line up properly (anymore). So, I leave the toe a little longer than what I might do for the average horse and he is sound! Different trims work for different horses.
It will take time and regular trimming to continue to adjust this foot to get it where it needs to be.
This horse also taught me that sometimes due to wearing shoes and receiving incorrect trimming during formative years can affect the hoof to the point that it will have lasting effects on the shape and alignment of the joints. We have discovered that this horse is not sound with a short toe (even with a boot) and this may be caused by the YEARS of remodeling of the joints and now they may not line up properly (anymore). So, I leave the toe a little longer than what I might do for the average horse and he is sound! Different trims work for different horses.
Case 9:
This is "Pony long toe". When I first met this pony she had looonnnnnng slipper feet and she could barely walk. She has a metabolic issue and I work hard to trim her feet so that she can be sound and happy. The first photo shows five months of growth. The second photo was taken on 4/28 and this is three months of hard work to get her feet back to normal.
The photo below shows you how high her heels are and the damage done to her frog because the back of her foot is not getting enough contact and stimulus. She has a high sugar diet and is experiencing constant laminitis.
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If you look closely at the photo below, you can see the bulge just above the hairline and the scoop to the hoof wall at the toe area. If I had x ray vision I would bet money that the coffin bone has rotated.
The finished product!
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Here I lowered the heels and pulled out the necrotic frog tissue. It was black, tar like, powdered and smelled like death squared.
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Case 10:
This gorgeous black mustang has some lameness issues possibly due to PPID insulin resistance, arthiritis, and
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The photo to the far left was before the first trim. The toe was kept long and the horse was experiencing lameness.
The second photo is after the first trim. The toe was trimmed and heels balanced.
In the third photo, I returned to the farm two weeks later. The owner said that he was seen running around the pasture, something he hasn't done in a long time! She rode the morning of the day that I came and she rode him down a hill that had stones and she said that he felt comfortable picking his way down the hill, she said he hasn't been able to do that in a long time.
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Random Photos
Examples of horses trim regularly that are just maintenance trims and are examples of good feet.
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Toe Crack Rehab
This is a mustang mare. She is ridden regularly, for trails, jumping, Eventing. There was an issue with thrush and a toe crack. The toe crack was not deep. I also noticed that she had square toes. Owner said it is a chronic issue. Sometimes it would go away but would always come back. We addressed the thrush, diet, and after carefully adjusting heels to ensure heel loading, keeping the bars straight, short rounded toe, bevel and relief at the quarters the toe crack grew out.
I wanted to include a pic of the whole horse so that you can see how she is built and how she stands at rest. Also, the picture on the upper right was taken on April 3, 2019 and the picture below was taken Jan 3, 2020. At this point I trimmed the last of the crack and there are no signs of it at this point! It took 9 months for this particular horse to grow all that out. We feel accomplished! 
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Trimming a Donkey
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Horse with Overgrown Feet
Used a saws-all to trim this horse's hooves. This sequences shows the before and after. I do not try to remove it all on the first try. This horse had long feet for a long time. and this requires time for the horse's body to adjust.
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Here, I was hired to trim a mini donkey that was not able to get trimming for a long while. I wanted to show how I was able to envision what the hoof needed to be and get it closer to a healthy state. The lower left photo shows how much I took off in one trim. The new owner had me come out on a regular schedule so that this would not happen again.
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Quarter Horse Mare
This mare had spent several years in a field just being a horse until my friend Nate came along. When I first met her, she was barefoot, her hooves had many wrinkles in her hoof wall and very underrun. The first four photos are pictures of her feet when I first met her in August in 2019 before I trimmed her.
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In these photos, you can see rings along the hoof wall. They most likely indicate areas of laminitis. The horse was kept in a field and it is very likely that she ate grass and the high sugar content caused the ridge. Ridges are formed during lamintis when the laminae that connect the inside of the hoof wall to the coffin bone, disconnect. At the time she had contracted heels and high heels that applied pressure creating a high hair line.
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She had soft frogs that were infected and consequently developed excess hoof to protect internal structures.
If you look at the picture to the left, you can see her sharp under run heels and overgrown bar. This tells me that she lands heel first over soft ground. Brought her heels back and lowered them some. I wanted him to get her on a good treatment protocol for thrush so that it would heel and then we would be able to get her to land heel first. |
The This picture shows a comparison between the Aug 2019 photos and Oct 2019 trim. She has much healthier hoof growing in with a balanced diet, exercise and different trimming.
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Look at this gorgeous hind foot! This was only after two trims! <3
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